History Of the Internet

• 1831 Joseph Henry of Princeton invents the first working telegraph.
• 1838 Samuel Morse invents a code (later called Morse code) that used different numbers to represent the letters of the English alphabet and the then digits.
• 1847- Siemens is founded.
• 1851- Western Union was founded.
• 1866- The first successful Trans-Atlantic cable is laid from Ireland to Newfoundland.
• 1868- Christopher Sholes invents the typewriter in the United States utilizing the QWERTY keyboard.
• 1871- Charles Babbage passes away October 18, 1871.
• 1875- Tanaka Seizo-sho is established in Japan and later merges with another company called shibaura Seisaku-sho to form Tokyo Shibarura Denki. Later this companys name is shortened to the company that we know today, Toshiba.
• 1876- Scottish-Canadian-American Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone.
• 1877- The microphone is invented in the United States by Emile Berliner.
• 1880- ASME is founded.
• 1888- Eastman Kodak is founded.
• 1883- American Thomas Edison discovers the Edison effect, in which an electric current flows through a vacuum.
• 1885- American Telegraph and Telephone company (AT&T) is incorporated.
• 1888- Nikola Tesla patents the rotating field motor May 1, 1888 and later sells the rights to George Westinghouse. This invention helps create and transmit AC power and today is still a method for generating and distributing AC power.
• 1888- William S. Burroughs patents a printing adding machine.
• 1943 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), the first general-purpose electronic digital calculator begins to be constructed. This computer by most is considered to be the first electronic computer. 1943 Dan Noble with Motorola designs a “Walkie Talkie” the first portable FM two-way radio that a backpack version that weighed 35 pounds.
• 1944 The relay-based Harvard-IBM MARK I a large programmable-controlled calculating machine provides vital calculations for the U.S. Navy. Grace Hopper becomes its programmer.
• 1945 The Von Neumann Architecture is introduced in John von Neumann’s report of the EDVAC. 1945 The term bug as computer bug was termed by Grace Hopper when programming the MARK II.
• 1946 F.C. Williams applies for a patent on his cathode-ray tube (CRT) storing device, an original form of random-access memory (RAM). 1946 ENIAC computer completed. 1946 Robert Metcalfe is born.
  
  
• 1947 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley invent the first transistor at the Bell Laboratories. 1947 F.C. Williams memory system is now in working order. 1947 ISO is founded.
• 1948 IBM builds the SSEC (Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator). The computer contains 12,000 tubes. 1948 Andreew Donald Booth creates magnetic drum memory, which is two inches long and two inches wide and capable of holding 10 bits per inch. 1948 The 604 multiplying punch, based upon the vacuum tube technology, is produced by IBM. 1948 The television begins to divert radio audiences.
• 1949 Claude Shannon builds the first machine that plays chess at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1949 The Harvard-MARK III, the first of the MARK machines to use an internally stored program and indirect addressing, goes into operations again under the direction of Howard Aiken. 1949 The first computer company, Electronic Controls Company is founded by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the same individuals who helped create the ENIAC computer. 1949 The EDSAC performs its first calculation on May 6, 1949. 1949 The small-scale electronic machine (SSEM) is fully operational at Manchester University. 1949 The Australian computer CSIRAC is first ran.
• 1950 The first electronic computer is created in Japan by Hideo Yamachito. 1950 The enhanced Z4 is installed by Konrad Suse 1950 Steve Wozniak is born August 11, 1950. 1950 Alan Turing publishes his paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence in October. This paper helps create the Turing Test. 1950 The NICAD battery begins its commercial use.
• 1951 The first business computer, the Lyons Electronic Office (LEO) is completed by T. Raymond Thompson, John Simmons and their team at Lyons Co. 1951 The first commercial computer, the “First Ferranti MARK I” is now functional at Manchester University. 1951 The first ISO is published with the title, “Standard reference temperature for industrial length measurement.” 1951 UNIVAC I was introduced. 1951 The EDVAC begins performing basic tasks. 1951 Dan Bricklin is born.
• 1952 Fairly reliable working magnetic drum memories for use in computers begin to be sold by Andrew Donald Booth and his father. 1952 RIAA is established. 1952 Alexander Sandy Douglas created the first graphical computer game of Tic-Tac-Toe on a EDSAC known as “OXO.”
  
  
• 1953 IBM introduces the first IBM computer, the 701. 1953 A magnetic memory smaller and faster than existing vacuum tube memories is built at MIT. 1953 Paul Allen is born January 21, 1953. 1953 The IBM 701 becomes available to the scientific community. A total of 19 are produced and sold.
• 1954 IBM produces and markets the IBM 650. More than 1,800 of these computers are sold in an eight-year span 1954 Larry Wall is born. 1954 Alan Turing passes away June 7, 1954. 1954 The first version of FORTRAN (formula translator) is published by IBM. 1954 CERN is established on September 29, 1954.

· 1983 The IBM XT is first introduced on March 8, 1983. 1983 The first Apple WWDC is held. 1983 Compaq introduces the first 100% IBM compatible computer the “Compaq Portable” in March of 1983. 1983 Zoran is founded. 1983 Paul Allen leaves Microsoft. 1983 The Time magazine nominates the personal computer as the “machine of the year”, the first non-human ever nominated. 1983 Interplay is founded. 1983 The Apple IIe is introduced. The computer contains 64 kilobytes of RAM one megahertz 6502 processor and running Applesoft BASIC and sells for $1,400. 1983 ARPANET standardizes TCP/IP. 1983 Tandy, Epson and NEC all sell notebook computers however only the Tandys model 100 becomes popular because of its low price of $499. 1983 THX is established. 1983 More than 10 million computers are in use in the United States. 1983 MS-DOS 2.0 was released March, 1983. 1983 True BASIC is created and is a compiled, structured language. It doesn’t require line numbers, as the original BASIC did, and includes the advanced control structures necessary for structured programming. 1983 The QIC Standard becomes the first standard in the computer history for tape drives. 1983 Microsoft Windows was announced November, 1983

· 1984 IBM’s AT computer is introduced. 1984 The MUD was known as MAD becomes the first global MUD and runs across BITNET. 1984 IBM introduces its first portable computer, the IBM Portable weighing in at 30 pounds. 1984 SETI is founded. 1984 ESS Technologies is founded. 1984 Guillemot is founded. 1984 Amiga is purchased by Commodore Business Machines on August 15th. 1984 Bill Gates is featured on the cover of Time magazine. 1984 The 3.5-inch floppy diskette is introduced and later becomes an industry standard. 1984 Dell Computer is founded May 3, 1984 in Austin Texas. 1984 Paul Mockapetris and Jon Postel introduce DNS. 1984 The now famous Apple commercial is shown during the Super Bowl, the commercial introduces the Apple Macintosh, a computer with graphical user interface instead of needing to type in commands. In six months sales of the computer reach 100,000. 1984 Dhrystone is developed. 1984 IBM develops EGA. 1984 The computer Museum opens in downtown Boston. 1984 Microsoft introduces MS-DOS 3.0 for the IBM PC AT and MS-DOS 3.1 for networks. 1984 The Tandy 1000 personal computer is introduced and becomes the best-selling IBM-compatible computer of the year. 1984 IBM introduces the Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) video card with higher resolution, more colors, and a quicker response then previous video cards. 1984 University of Southern California professor Fred Cohen creates alarm when he warns the public about computer viruses in his Computer Virus – Theory and Experiments paper. 1984 The beginning of the greatest adventure computer gaming series is released by Sierra. Kings Quest 1: Quest for the crown is released to the public. 1984 The Yellow book of CD-ROM standards is written. 1984 Cirrus is established. 1984 ISA is expanded to 16-bit capability.

· 1985 The GNU manifesto is published by Dr. Dobb’s Journal 1985 Software Arts assets are sold to Lotus. Software Arts is most well known for its VisiCalc program. 1985 The Amiga aka A1000 is introduced.. 1985 PNY Technologies is founded. 1985 Dell releases its first computer, the “Turbo PC.” 1985 Titus Interactive is founded. 1985 Microtek introduces the world’s first 300-dpi black-and-white sheetfed scanner. 1985 Quantum Computer Services is founded, this company later becomes AOL. 1985 Microsoft and IBM begin collaboration on the next-generation operating system (OS/2). 1985 The computer company Gateway 2000 is founded in Siox City, Iowa on September 5, 1985. 1985 CAT1 wiring is introduced. 1985 Intel introduces the 80386, a 16 MHz processor that incorporates 275,000 transistor and capable of accessing up to four gigabytes of memory. The processor sells for $299. 1985 Paul Brainard of Aldus Corporation introduces Pagemaker for the Macintosh, a program that lets users mix type and graphics on the same page. The combination of this software and the new Apple LaserWriter laser printer helps create the desktop publishing field. 1985 The Mach Project begins at the Carnegie Mellon University. 1985 IBM develops NetBEUI. 1985 Microsoft Windows 1.0 is introduced in November, 1985 and is initially sold for $100.00. 1985 The Nintendo Entertainment System makes its debut. 1985 ATI is founded. 1985 Boca is established. 1985 Corel is founded. 1985 Gravis is founded.

· 1986 The Hacker Manifesto is published in Phrack (Volume One, Issue 7, Phile 3 of 10) on January 8, 1986. 1986 Gigabyte is founded. 1986 Pixar is co-founded by Steve Jobs. 1986 Apple introduces the Mac Plus. The computer contained one megabyte of RAM, new keyboard that contained cursors and numeric keypad and sold for $2,600. 1986 The AT or 101 key keyboard is introduced by IBM. 1986 Compaq introduces the first 386-based PC compatible computer. 1986 The NCSA opens. 1986 Microsoft is listed on the New York Stock Exchange selling shares to the public at $21 each, making Bill Gates one of the worlds youngest billionaires. 1986 More than 30 million computers are in use in the United States. 1986 MS-DOS 3.2 was released April, 1986. 1986 IMAP is developed by Stanford University. 1986 Eric Thomas develops the first Listserv. 1986 NSFNET is created. 1986 BITNET II is created. 1986 IBM PCD announces it’s first laptop computer, the PC Convertible, weighing 12 pounds. 1986 CD-i format is specified. 1986 Aztech is established. 1986 Avid is established.

• · 1987 Oak Technology is founded. 1987 CompuServe introduces the GIF standard and images. 1987 RealTek is founded October 1987. 1987 Robert Noyce is awarded the National Medal of Technology. 1987 Microsoft purchases Forethought Incorporated. The company that developed the presentation software PowerPoint. 1987 Microsoft introduces Windows 2.0 in December 9, 1987. 1987 Microsoft introduces Microsoft Works. 1987 VIA Technologies is founded. 1987 Microsoft and IBM release OS/2 1.0. 1987 The Mac SE is introduced at $2,900. 1987 Chipsets begin to be found on computer motherboards. 1987 IBM introduces the PS / 2 personal computer, which has improved graphics, a 3.5-inch diskette drive, and proprietary bus to help prevent clone makers competition. 1987 IBM sends clone manufacturers letters demanding retroactive licensing fees. 1987 IBM develops 8514/A. 1987 MS-DOS 3.3 was released April, 1987. 1987 IBM introduces MCA. 1987 Microsoft Shares hits $100 per share. 1987 Apogee is founded, Apogee is well known for its computer games as well as the company who first released a ‘Shareware’ game. 1987 The SPARC processor is introduced by Sun. 1987 IBM introduces VGA. 1987 Larry Wall introduces Perl 1.0 1987 Elitegroup Computer Systems is established.

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